In JavaScript, call, apply, and bind are methods that allow you to call a function with a specific value for this and pass in arguments as an array or a comma-separated list. These methods are useful when you want to reuse a function in different contexts or pass a function as a callback.

Here are some examples of how to use call, apply, and bind in JavaScript:

• Using call:

  const greet = function (greeting) {
    console.log(`${greeting}, my name is ${this.name}`);
  };
   
  const john = { name: 'John' };
  const jane = { name: 'Jane' };
   
  greet.call(john, 'Hello'); // Hello, my name is John
  greet.call(jane, 'Hi'); // Hi, my name is Jane

  In this example, the greet function is called with a specific value for this using the call method. The first argument to call is the value for this, and the subsequent arguments are passed as arguments to the function.

• Using apply:

  const add = function (a, b) {
    return a + b;
  };
   
  console.log(add.apply(null, [2, 3])); // 5

  In this example, the apply method is used to call the add function with a specific value for this (in this case, null) and an array of arguments.

• Using bind:

  const logName = function () {
    console.log(`My name is ${this.name}`);
  };
   
  const john = { name: 'John' };
  const jane = { name: 'Jane' };
   
  const logJohnName = logName.bind(john);
  const logJaneName = logName.bind(jane);
   
  logJohnName(); // My name is John
  logJaneName(); // My name is Jane

  In this example, the bind method is used to create new functions that are bound to a specific value for this. The bind method returns a new function with the specified this value and the same body as the original function. The new function can be invoked like any other function, and its value for this will always be the value passed to bind.